Perancangan dan optimasi desain lost circulation material (lcm) berdasarkan karakteristik formasi pada lapangan bi-1
Penerbit : FTKE - Usakti
Kota Terbit : Jakarta
Tahun Terbit : 2026
Pembimbing 1 : Puri Wijayanti
Pembimbing 2 : Arinda Ristawati
Kata Kunci : drilling mud, formation characteristics, Lost Circulation Material (LCM), loss rate, lost circulatio
Status Posting : Published
Status : Lengkap
| No. | Nama File | Hal. | Link |
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| 1. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Halaman-Judul.pdf | 19 | |
| 2. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Surat-Pernyataan-Revisi-Terakhir.pdf | 1 | |
| 3. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Surat-Hasil-Similaritas.pdf | 1 | |
| 4. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Halaman-Pernyataan-Persetujuan-Publikasi-Tugas-Akhir-untuk-Kepentingan-Akademis.pdf | 1 | |
| 5. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Lembar-Pengesahan.pdf | 1 | |
| 6. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Pernyataan-Orisinalitas.pdf | 1 | |
| 7. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Formulir-Persetujuan-Publikasi-Karya-Ilmiah.pdf | 1 | |
| 8. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Bab-1.pdf | 4 | |
| 9. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Bab-2.pdf | 24 |
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| 10. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Bab-3.pdf | 3 |
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| 11. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Bab-4.pdf | 20 |
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| 12. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Bab-5.pdf | 2 | |
| 13. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Daftar-Pustaka.pdf | 3 | |
| 14. | 2026_SK_STP_071002200025_Lampiran.pdf | 2 |
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K Kehilangan sirkulasi (lost circulation) merupakan salah satu permasalahan operasional yang paling sering dijumpai dalam kegiatan pemboran minyak dan gas bumi. masalah ini terjadi ketika sebagian atau seluruh fluida pemboran hilang ke dalam formasi akibat adanya rekahan alami, rongga (vug), gua (cavern), atau zona dengan permeabilitas tinggi. kehilangan lumpur pemboran dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, seperti peningkatan biaya operasional, penurunan tekanan hidrostatik, risiko terjadinya kick hingga ,stuck pipe, kerusakan formasi (formation damage), serta bertambahnya non-productive time (npt). pada sumur bi-1, permasalahan lost circulation banyak dijumpai pada interval pemboran 12 1/4 inci yang didominasi oleh batuan karbonat (limestone) dengan porositas sekunder berupa rekahan dan rongga, sehingga menimbulkan kehilangan lumpur pada kategori severe loss. kondisi tersebut mendorong perlunya perancangan lost circulation material (lcm) yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik formasi agar penanggulangan dapat dilakukan secara efektif, mengingat pemilihan lcm secara sembarangan tanpa mempertimbangkan geometri rekahan, ukuran partikel, dan konsentrasi material justru dapat menurunkan efektivitas penyumbatan. berdasarkan uraian tersebut, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) bagaimana menentukan parameter desain lcm berdasarkan karakteristik formasi dan zona lost circulation pada lapangan bi-1; (2) bagaimana menentukan konsentrasi dan formulasi lcm yang efektif untuk berbagai tingkat keparahan loss; dan (3) bagaimana mengevaluasi efektivitas desain lcm yang dirancang dalam memitigasi lost circulation pada lapangan tersebut. sejalan dengan rumusan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter desain lcm berdasarkan karakteristik formasi, menentukan konsentrasi dan formulasi lcm yang efektif untuk setiap tingkat keparahan loss, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas desain lcm yang diterapkan pada lapangan bi-1. secara teori, lost circulation dapat disebabkan oleh faktor formasi, seperti coarsely permeable formation, cavernous/vugular formation, dan fissure-fracture-fault, maupun faktor mekanis berupa tekanan hidrostatik lumpur yang melebihi tekanan rekah formasi. berdasarkan besarnya laju kehilangan, lost circulation diklasifikasikan menjadi seepage loss (<10 bbl/jam), partial loss (10-500 bbl/jam), dan total loss (seluruh fluida hilang tanpa aliran balik). salah satu metode penanggulangan yang umum digunakan adalah penambahan lost circulation material (lcm), yang terdiri atas material granular, flake, dan fibrous. material granular berfungsi mengisi ruang rekahan, flake menutup permukaan rekahan, sedangkan fibrous memperkuat struktur penyumbatan sehingga membentuk mekanisme bridging yang stabil pada rekahan formasi. penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data lapangan berupa data lumpur pemboran, data formasi, parameter pemboran, serta data kejadian lost circulation dari laporan pemboran sumur bi-1. pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa kejadian lost circulation didominasi oleh keberadaan rekahan alami pada formasi limestone di interval 12 1/4 inci, dengan loss rate awal mencapai 120-200 bph (severe loss). penanggulangan dilakukan secara bertahap melalui background treatment, lcm pill #1, dan lcm pill #2 dengan kombinasi caco3 sebagai material granular dan fracseal sebagai material fibrous. implementasi lcm pill #1 menurunkan loss rate menjadi 112-120 bph, dan optimasi komposisi pada lcm pill #2 menjadi 40 ppb caco3 dan 40 ppb fracseal berhasil menurunkan loss rate lebih lanjut menjadi 105-112 bph. meskipun demikian, kehilangan lumpur belum dapat dihentikan sepenuhnya karena ukuran rekahan yang besar dan saling terhubung (interconnected fractures) pada formasi limestone tersebut, sehingga lcm lebih berperan sebagai loss mitigation dibandingkan loss elimination. berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik formasi merupakan parameter utama dalam perancangan lcm, komposisi optimal berupa 40 ppb caco3 dan 40 ppb fracseal terbukti paling efektif membentuk bridging pada rekahan sumur bi-1, dan optimasi komposisi lcm mampu menurunkan loss rate secara signifikan dari 120-200 bph menjadi 105-112 bph. hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam perancangan program penanggulangan lost circulation pada lapangan dengan karakteristik formasi serupa, sehingga risiko kehilangan lumpur, non-productive time, dan biaya operasi pemboran dapat diminimalkan.
L Lost circulation is one of the most frequently encountered operational problems in oil and gas drilling operations. this condition occurs when part or all of the drilling fluid is lost into the formation due to the presence of natural fractures, vugs, caverns, or zones with high permeability. mud losses can lead to several negative impacts, including increased operational costs, reduced hydrostatic pressure, the risk of kicks and blowouts, stuck pipe, formation damage, and increased non-productive time (npt). in well bi-1, lost circulation problems were mostly encountered in the 12 1/4-inch drilling interval, which is dominated by carbonate (limestone) rock with secondary porosity in the form of fractures and vugs, resulting in mud losses classified as severe loss. this condition highlights the need to design a lost circulation material (lcm) that is tailored to the formation characteristics so that mitigation can be carried out effectively, given that selecting lcm without considering fracture geometry, particle size, and material concentration may actually reduce sealing effectiveness. based on this background, the problem statements addressed in this study are: (1) how to determine lcm design parameters based on the formation characteristics and lost circulation zones in the bi-1 field; (2) how to determine the effective lcm concentration and formulation for various levels of loss severity; and (3) how to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed lcm in mitigating lost circulation in the field. in line with these problem statements, this study aims to determine lcm design parameters based on formation characteristics, to determine the effective lcm concentration and formulation for each level of loss severity, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the lcm design implemented in the bi-1 field. theoretically, lost circulation can be caused by formation factors, such as coarsely permeable formations, cavernous/vugular formations, and fissures-fractures-faults, as well as mechanical factors in the form of hydrostatic mud pressure exceeding the formation fracture pressure. based on the magnitude of the loss rate, lost circulation is classified into seepage loss (<10 bbl/hour), partial loss (10-500 bbl/hour), and total loss (complete loss of fluid with no returns). one common mitigation method is the addition of lost circulation material (lcm), which consists of granular, flake, and fibrous materials. granular materials fill fracture openings, flake materials seal fracture surfaces, while fibrous materials reinforce the plugging structure, forming a stable bridging mechanism within formation fractures. this study employed a quantitative method using field data, including drilling mud data, formation data, drilling parameters, and lost circulation event data obtained from the drilling reports of well bi-1. the discussion shows that lost circulation events were dominated by the presence of natural fractures in the limestone formation within the 12 1/4-inch interval, with an initial loss rate reaching 120-200 bph (severe loss). mitigation was carried out in stages through background treatment, lcm pill #1, and lcm pill #2, using a combination of caco3 as the granular material and fracseal as the fibrous material. the implementation of lcm pill #1 reduced the loss rate to 112-120 bph, and the composition optimization in lcm pill #2, adjusted to 40 ppb caco3 and 40 ppb fracseal, further reduced the loss rate to 105-112 bph. nevertheless, mud losses could not be completely eliminated due to the large size and interconnected nature of the fractures within the limestone formation, indicating that lcm functioned more as loss mitigation rather than loss elimination. based on the research results, it can be concluded that formation characteristics are the main parameter in lcm design, the optimal composition of 40 ppb caco3 and 40 ppb fracseal proved most effective in forming a bridge across the fractures in well bi-1, and lcm composition optimization successfully reduced the loss rate significantly from 120-200 bph to 105-112 bph. the findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for designing lost circulation mitigation programs in fields with similar formation characteristics, thereby minimizing the risks of mud loss, non-productive time, and drilling operational costs.