B Bored pile foundations are critical structural elements that transfer axial loads from superstructures to deeper and stronger soil layers. the complexity of layered soil conditions and the limitations of conventional analytical approaches necessitate the use of numerical methods capable of representing soil–structure interaction more realistically. this study investigates the axial load behavior of bored pile foundations using the finite element method (fem). the analysis is conducted through three approaches: theoretical calculations, axial loading test results, and numerical modeling using the mohr–coulomb constitutive model. case studies are performed on three projects located in jakarta, batam, and medan, which exhibit variations in pile dimensions, embedment depths, and subsurface soil stratification. the results indicate that theoretical methods tend to oversimplify soil behavior and may not fully capture actual settlement characteristics. field axial loading tests provide realistic responses but are limited to specific site conditions. finite element analysis demonstrates a closer agreement with field test results and effectively illustrates stress distribution and settlement patterns along the pile shaft and tip. the study confirms that fem is a reliable complementary approach to conventional design methods, particularly for bored pile foundations in complex layered soil conditions.