B Backgroundpreterm labor occurs when uterine contractions and cervical changes take placebefore 37 weeks of gestation. globally, this condition is a major contributor to thehigh rates of perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. according to a 2020report by the world health organization, approximately 13.4 million pretermlabors were recorded worldwide, with indonesia ranking fifth among countries withthe highest number of cases. various factors, including maternal conditions,pregnancy complications, fetal factors, and maternal behavior, contribute to theincreased risk of preterm labor. however, existing studies still show inconsistentfindings. this study aims to assess the significant relationship between maternalage and parity with preterm labor.methodsthis study used a retrospective case-control design by analyzing 100 medicalrecords of postpartum mothers at the regional general hospital of southtangerang city during the january-june 2025 period. the samples consisted of 50cases and 50 controls, selected using consecutive non-random sampling. data wereanalyzed using the chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05.resultsthe majority of subjects had a low level of education (52,0%), were in the high-riskage group (61,2%), and were multigravida (61,7%) were diagnosed with pretermlabor (50,0%). a significant relationship was found between maternal age andpreterm labor (p = 0.028), as well as between parity and preterm labor (p = 0.048).conculsionthis study indicates a significant association between maternal age and parity withthe incidence of preterm labor. these findings contribute to prevention effortsthrough early identification of maternal risk factors, particulary age and parity.the results may serve as a reference for healthcare providers in conducting earlyscreening and delivering education to pregnant women identified as high risk.