T This study is motivated by the importance of the capital adequacy ratio (car) as a key indicator of banks’ capital soundness. the originality of this study lies in the simultaneous examination of macroeconomic factors and bank-specific characteristics on car among banks listed on the indonesia stock exchange (idx) during the 2020–2024 period. this study aims to analyze the effects of gdp growth, interest rate, non-performing loans (npl), return on assets (roa), and bank size on the capital adequacy ratio (car). the study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from banks’ annual financial reports as well as official publications from bank indonesia and the financial services authority. panel data regression is applied as the analytical method, with the selection of the most appropriate model conducted through the chow test, hausman test, and lagrange multiplier test. the empirical results indicate that gdp growth, interest rate, and return on assets (roa) have a positive and significant effect on car, suggesting that favorable macroeconomic conditions and higher bank profitability strengthen banks’ capital positions. non-performing loans (npl) are found to have no significant effect on car, while bank size has a negative and significant effect on car, indicating that larger banks tend to exhibit lower capital adequacy ratios due to asset expansion. the findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for bank management and investors in maintaining capital adequacy and ensuring the stability of the national banking system.