U Un reports indicates rwanda\\\'s involvement through the deployment of rdf officers and troops, as well as the operation of military hardware alongside the m23. this raises legal issues concerning the attribution of \\\"effective control\\\" and the \\\"overall control\\\" test, which could alter the conflict\\\'s status to that of an \\\"internationalized armed conflict.\\\" this normative, descriptive-analytical legal study utilizes secondary data analyzed qualitatively through deductive reasoning. the findings demonstrate that rwanda meets the criteria for \\\"effective control\\\" (as established in the 1986 *nicaragua v. us* case); consequently, m23\\\'s actions can be attributed to rwanda under article 8 of the 2001 arsiwa, giving rise to state responsibility involving cessation, non-repetition, and full reparation. furthermore, rwanda is shown to meet the \\\"overall control\\\" standard (as established in the 1999 *tadić* case) regarding the organization, coordination, and supervision of the m23. as a result, the m23 conflict is reclassified as an \\\"internationalized armed conflict,\\\" thereby fully activating the legal regime of the 1949 geneva conventions i–iv and additional protocol i of 1977, including the concepts of \\\"grave breaches\\\" and the doctrine of \\\"command responsibility.\\\"